Ways to keep arguments with your partner from getting out of control.
Differences of opinion are a natural part of living with another person. Even if you and your partner have a very strong and loving relationship, you won't agree on every issue and may sometimes have major blowups. What's important is how you resolve these conflicts. Knowing how to fight fairly -- or to resolve your differences in a respectful way -- is vital to the success of most relationships. Whether you disagree over one or two big issues or a lot of smaller ones, it's important to try to avoid saying things that could hurt somebody you love.
Tips on fighting fairly
Fighting fairly involves paying attention to several different things at once: your words, your tone of voice, your body language, and your instincts about someone else's mood and whether it's a good time to argue. Here are some tips:
■Be truthful but kind. Choose words that express your concerns directly and honestly but that won't leave lasting wounds. Remember that being kind includes listening carefully to your partner and making an effort not to interrupt.
■Watch your tone of voice. Try to keep your tone calm and to speak as respectfully as you can. A loud or shrill voice can inflame an argument even if your message is relatively gentle.
■Pay attention to your body language. Avoid gestures such as pointing or finger-wagging that can make you look as though you're scolding instead of expressing an opinion.
■Don't argue or bring up emotionally charged subjects if one of you has had too much to drink or has been using drugs. A person who has been drinking or using drugs won't be able to think clearly or may not remember your discussion the next day.
■Avoid fighting when you're exhausted or hungry. Rethink the old saying, "Never go to bed angry." That advice may make sense when you have minor differences that you can settle easily. But if you try to resolve every disagreement before you go to bed -- especially if you're dealing with a big issue -- you may have major arguments because you're too exhausted to think rationally or to explore all your options. Sometimes it's better to postpone a discussion until both of you have had a good night's sleep. It's also helpful to avoid bringing up a difficult subject right after one of you gets home from work or just before a meal, when both of you may be hungry and edgy.
■Screen out distractions such as the television, radio, and telephone. Turn off the TV or radio and ignore the phone, or let an answering machine pick up phone calls. If you have to take a call, keep the conversation short, or ask if you can call back. Interrupting an argument for a nonessential conversation may send the message that you don't take the subject seriously.
■Listen to each other. It's important to avoid interrupting and to focus on what your partner is saying rather than on what you want to say. You can show you are listening by reflecting back what you just heard your partner say. Respond with something like, "What I heard you say is . . . Have I got that right?" Truly listening to each other is the key to good communication.
■Have big arguments out of earshot of children. Children can benefit from watching adults resolve smaller disagreements -- such as which movie to see or where to go on vacation -- in thoughtful ways. But even older children may be frightened by intense disagreements that have no immediate solution, particularly if one parent criticizes the other. This could make your child feel like she has to choose sides or is caught in the middle.
■Be careful what you say in e-mail and voice-mail messages. E-mail and voice mail may come across as harsher than you intend because your partner won't have the nonverbal cues that could soften them, such as a smile or hug. And the resentment may fester if your partner can't respond right away. Avoid sending e-mail or leaving voice-mail messages when you're angry. If you need an outlet for your feelings, consider writing an e-mail message and saving it as a draft instead of sending it. Reread it after you've cooled down and then decide what to do with it.
■Consider having certain discussions outside your home. If you have to resolve a large issue on which you and your partner disagree strongly, consider going for a walk or drive, or to a cafĂ© that you both like. This can be an especially good idea if your home makes it hard to screen out distractions or if you can't be sure that children won't overhear you there. Having your talk in neutral territory or in public also reduces the possibility of an angry outburst.
Choosing your words carefully
Arguments can get out of hand quickly if you don't think carefully about your words. Following are some ways to keep things under control:
■Focus on the issue you need to resolve, not on your personalities or your history as a couple. If your concern is that your home often looks messy, don't accuse your partner of being "lazy" or "sloppy" or dredge up incidents that occurred long ago. Instead, describe clearly the behavior you hope will change: "I'd like you to hang up the wet towels after you take a shower instead of leaving them on the bathroom floor." Try to say this as calmly as you might say to a friend or co-worker, "I'd appreciate it if you could pass the salt," or "I'd like to have your report by Friday."
■Address one issue at a time. If the problem is a broken stair that needs to be fixed, don't get sidetracked into a discussion of how it broke and whose fault it is or what else needs to be done around the house. You might say, "It's true that other parts of the house could use some work, but the stair is the one that presents an immediate safety hazard, so let's talk about our options for getting it fixed."
■Try not to say things that you know will hurt your partner. It can be tough to avoid saying things that might be painful -- for example, by repeating comments that you know have hurt your partner in the past. But hurtful remarks can make your differences much harder to resolve. If you're worried that you might blurt out something you'll regret, you might say, "I find it hard to talk about this subject calmly, and I'm afraid I might say something I don't mean. Why don't we take a three-minute time-out and continue this discussion after we've both had a chance to cool down?"
■Make "I" statements. Make "I" statements that express your feelings instead of "you" statements that assign blame. Try "I feel hurt when you leave the dinner table without thanking me for cooking" instead of, "You're selfish because you leave the dinner table . . ." or "You never thank me . . ." Or consider starting sentences with "It": "It makes me feel terrible when you talk about my weight in front of your friends." Avoid giving advice unless your partner specifically requests it.
■Acknowledge each other's feelings. Let your partner know that you don't just hear what's being said but that you also understand the emotions behind it. You can do this by making comments such as, "I can see you feel strongly about this," or, "I can tell you're angry that I didn't call and say I'd be late." If you're not sure what your partner is upset about, you might say, "Can you tell me more about why you feel what way?" or "So what you're saying is that . . ."
■Consider using a timer to limit the time you spend on a topic. Long, drawn-out arguments can leave you and your partner so exhausted that you're more likely to say something hurtful. To avoid this, you might use an egg or oven timer to set limits on how much time you spend on a topic. You might say, "Both of us have such busy schedules that we may never have as much time as we'd like to devote to this issue. Why don't we talk about it for 15 minutes without any interruptions and then stop?" An added benefit of this approach is that your partner might talk more willingly about a sensitive topic if you'll devote a limited amount of time to it.
■Brainstorm if you get stuck. If you and your partner can't resolve a problem, brainstorm for a few minutes. Write down as many possible solutions as you can -- without making judgments about any of them -- and then narrow them down to two or three that both of you would be willing to try. After that, decide which strategy the two of you would like to try first and draw up a plan for putting it into action for a set period of time, such as a week or 10 days. Check back with each other at the end of that time to see if the plan is working. If it is not, revise the plan or try an alternate solution.
■Apologize if you were wrong. Saying "I'm sorry" can do wonders to soothe the bruised feelings left after a fight. If you find this hard to do, consider writing a short note or buying a card and tucking it into your partner's briefcase or lunch or leaving it on a pillow. Or send an e-mail message saying you're sorry. Taking the first step to heal the wounds can give your partner an extra incentive to apologize, too.
■After you've had an argument, consider setting aside time to talk about what happened. Choose a time that's convenient for both of you and a place where you can concentrate. You might begin the conversation by saying, "We both got a little upset during our argument about where Mike should go to school, and I wonder how you're feeling now about our discussion."
■If you still can't resolve an issue, ask yourselves if you need to resolve it. Sometimes the best way to end an argument is simply to agree to disagree.
If you keep having arguments
You might want to take a few other steps if you keep having arguments or the same argument over and over again.
■Decide to work on your problems. The best way to reduce conflict in a relationship is to decide to work hard on it. This means identifying problems, no matter how big or small, and recognizing that solving them will require time and effort.
■Declare a moratorium. At times your feelings about an issue may get so overheated that you can't begin to resolve the matter until both of you cool off. You might agree not to raise certain highly charged issues for two weeks or a month, then return to them when you can do so in a calmer state of mind.
■Learn to forgive. When you forgive your partner, you're not necessarily agreeing, but rather you are accepting the situation and moving on. Sometimes a simple, sincere apology and a lot of forgiveness can reduce negative feelings and move a relationship beyond a particularly stressful time.
Finally, keep in mind that not everything is worth arguing about, so it's a good idea to choose your battles. Ask yourself: Is it really worth having an argument over how he dries the dishes or which radio station she listens to? If you can overlook the things that aren't so important, you may find that you don't just have fewer arguments but that your partner is much more willing to listen to you when you do disagree.